It is estimated that solar irrigation can reduce irrigation water needs by up to 10 times compared to other traditional irrigation systems. The water it produces is very clean. Knowing the great problems that many countries have in obtaining fresh water, even though there are already very effective water desalination systems, this technique could help farmers with fewer resources to increase the efficiency of their crops.
In its manufacture, it uses an abundant and easy-to-obtain material: PET bottles, specifically two per plant. One of the bottles has to be 5 liters and the inner one can be 1-2 liters. It can be used in the domestic or professional field. It requires little maintenance, just replenish the water tank when necessary and pull weeds from the inside. In view of the controversy generated by the doubts about the possible contamination of water by plastic bottles, you can also use glass bottles.
The external bottle has to be the biggest one, which we will cut by the base. On the inside, place the small bottle, which we will cut in half, using the part of the base. This smaller bottle is placed on the ground filled with water, even salt water from the sea, covering it we will place the big bottle of 5 liters. The position between the two bottles must allow us to open the lid of the large bottle so that we can pour water over the small one inside.
The bottles in the disposition explained previously will be placed next to the plant that we want to receive the solar drip. It is advisable to place dry leaves or straw around the system to maintain the humidity of the soil and make the solar distillation system even more efficient.
The application of this technique avoids the evaporation of water that is not used.
Because the materials are so readily available, this technique can be easily used in poor countries with long dry seasons and even in desert areas with access to a source of fresh or salt water.
Operation of solar drip.
Once the system is set up correctly, all that remains is to wait for the forces of nature to act. When the sun's rays hit the large outer bottle, the temperature of the air inside it rises (greenhouse effect), causing the water in the soil and the inner bottle to evaporate, with the consequent saturation of the humidity in the air inside the small ecosystem.
At this point, the water condenses in the form of droplets on the walls of the bottle, which then slide down and fall to the ground, moistening it.
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